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Groundwater Recharge and Flow - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Groundwater Recharge and Flow - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Water of appropriate quantity and quality is essential for drinking, sanitation, and food, energy, and industrial production for any society and is derived for most needs from surface- or groundwater sources. Studies suggest that groundwater use in irrigation globally is increasing in total volume as well as a percentage of all water used for irrigation, with the demand for groundwater resources increasing as available primary surface water supplies are depleted. Particularly in arid regions, groundwater may be the most accessible water supply for any purpose, leaving groundwater withdrawals concentrated in areas that are already experiencing water stress. Even in the presence of direct ground observations and measurements of the water table, quantitative evaluation of groundwater storage, flow, or recharge at different scales requires remotely sensed data and observations applied to groundwater models. Resolving the interaction of groundwater storage, flow, and recharge at a scale at which basins are managed requires remotely sensed data and proxy data. In June 2019, the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to identify scientific and technological research frontiers in monitoring and modeling groundwater recharge and flow in various regions of the world. The goals of the workshop were to assess regional freshwater budgets under major use scenarios, including agriculture, industry, and municipal; examine state of the art research frontiers in characterizing groundwater aquifers, including residence time, quantity, flow, depletion, and recharge, using remotely sensed observations and proxy data; discuss groundwater model uncertainties and methods for mitigating them using sparse ground observations or data and other approaches; and consider our ability to detect which water management strategies that affect groundwater flow and recharge are being used and any changes in their use over time. This publication summarizes workshop presentations and plenary discussions. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Overview2 Regional Freshwater Budgets Under Major Use Scenarios3 Research Frontiers in Characterizing Groundwater Aquifers4 Mitigating Groundwater Model Uncertainties5 Changes in Water Management Strategies Over Time6 Final ThoughtsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Planning Committee BiosketchesAppendix C: Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix E: Speaker Abstracts

DKK 318.00
1

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border - Panel On Survey Options For Estimating The Flow Of Unauthorized Crossings At The

Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border - Panel On Survey Options For Estimating The Flow Of Unauthorized Crossings At The

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is responsible for securing and managing the nation's borders. Over the past decade, DHS has dramatically stepped up its enforcement efforts at the U.S.-Mexico border, increasing the number of U.S. Border patrol (USBP) agents, expanding the deployment of technological assets, and implementing a variety of "consequence programs" intended to deter illegal immigration. During this same period, there has also been a sharp decline in the number of unauthorized migrants apprehended at the border. Trends in total apprehensions do not, however, by themselves speak to the effectiveness of DHS's investments in immigration enforcement. In particular, to evaluate whether heightened enforcement efforts have contributed to reducing the flow of undocumented migrants, it is critical to estimate the number of border-crossing attempts during the same period for which apprehensions data are available. With these issues in mind, DHS charged the National Research Council (NRC) with providing guidance on the use of surveys and other methodologies to estimate the number of unauthorized crossings at the U.S.-Mexico border, preferably by geographic region and on a quarterly basis. Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border focuses on Mexican migrants since Mexican nationals account for the vast majority (around 90 percent) of attempted unauthorized border crossings across the U.S.-Mexico border. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Process of Unauthorized Crossing at the U.S.Mexico Border3 Migration-Relevant Surveys in the United States and Mexico: Background4 Migration-Relevant Surveys in the United States and Mexico: Usefulness and Limitations5 Administrative Data on Undocumented Migration Across U.S. Borders6 Model-Based Approaches to Estimating Migration FlowsReferencesAppendix A: Survey Questions About Migration and Border CrossingAppendix B: Review of Capture-Recapture Ideas for Measuring the Flow of Unauthorized Crossings at the U.S.Mexico BorderAppendix C: Biographical Sketches of Panel MembersCommittee on National Statistics

DKK 292.00
1

Maritime Security Partnerships - 000 Ship Navy" A Distributed And Global Maritime Network Committee On The "1 - Bog - National Academies Press -

Maritime Security Partnerships - 000 Ship Navy" A Distributed And Global Maritime Network Committee On The "1 - Bog - National Academies Press -

The '1,000-ship Navy' concept envisions US naval forces partnering with multinational, state, local and private sector entities to ensure freedom of navigation, the flow of commerce, and the protection of ocean resources. This book from the National Research Council examines the technical and operational implications of the '1,000-ship Navy'.

DKK 422.00
1

Missouri River Planning - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Missouri River Planning - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Historically, the flow of sediment in the Missouri River has been as important as the flow of water for a variety of river functions. The sediment has helped form a dynamic network of islands, sandbars, and floodplains, and provided habitats for native species. Further downstream, sediment transported by the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has helped build and sustain the coastal wetlands of the Mississippi River delta. The construction of dams and river bank control structures on the Missouri River and its tributaries, however, has markedly reduced the volume of sediment transported by the river. These projects have had several ecological impacts, most notably on some native fish and bird species that depended on habitats and landforms created by sediment flow. Missouri River Planning describes the historic role of sediment in the Missouri River, evaluates current habitat restoration strategies, and discusses possible sediment management alternatives. The book finds that a better understanding of the processes of sediment transport, erosion, and deposition in the Missouri River will be useful in furthering river management objectives, such as protection of endangered species and development of water quality standards. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Changes in Missouri River Sediment and Related Processes3 Missouri River Governance: Institutions, Laws, and Policies for Managing Sediment and Related Resources4 Sediment and Current Ecological Restoration Activities5 Sediment Management Alternatives and Opportunities6 Water Quality and Missouri River Sediment Management7 Science, Policy, and Future Decision Making Along the Missouri RiverReferencesAppendix A: Guest Speakers at Committee MeetingsAppendix B: AcronymsAppendix C: Biographical Information: Committee on Missouri River Recovery and Associated Sediment Management Issues

DKK 331.00
1

Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock - Committee On Geological And Geotechnical Engineering - Bog - National

Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock - Committee On Geological And Geotechnical Engineering - Bog - National

Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools—some only recently developed—can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Physical Characteristics of Fractured Rock Controlling Flow and Transport3 Flow and Transport: Underlying Processes4 Conceptual and Numerical Model Development5 Methods for Site Characterization and Monitoring6 Remediation of Fractured Rock7 Decision Making8 Synthesis of RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: Committee Member BiographiesAppendix B: Open Session Agendas

DKK 422.00
1

Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Foundational Research Gaps and Future Directions for Digital Twins - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Across multiple domains of science, engineering, and medicine, excitement is growing about the potential of digital twins to transform scientific research, industrial practices, and many aspects of daily life. A digital twin couples computational models with a physical counterpart to create a system that is dynamically updated through bidirectional data flows as conditions change. Going beyond traditional simulation and modeling, digital twins could enable improved medical decision-making at the individual patient level, predictions of future weather and climate conditions over longer timescales, and safer, more efficient engineering processes. However, many challenges remain before these applications can be realized. This report identifies the foundational research and resources needed to support the development of digital twin technologies. The report presents critical future research priorities and an interdisciplinary research agenda for the field, including how federal agencies and researchers across domains can best collaborate. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Digital Twin Landscape3 Virtual Representation: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities4 The Physical Counterpart: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities5 Feedback Flow from Physical to Virtual: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities6 Feedback Flow from Virtual to Physical: Foundational Research Needs and Opportunities7 Toward Scalable and Sustainable Digital Twins8 Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendasAppendix C: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Atmospheric and Climate Sciences: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix D: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Biomedical Research: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix E: Opportunities and Challenges for Digital Twins in Engineering: Proceedings of a Workshop—in BriefAppendix F: Committee Member Biographical InformationAppendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 279.00
1

Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality - Committee On Ground Water Recharge - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Ground Water Recharge Using Waters of Impaired Quality - Committee On Ground Water Recharge - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

As demand for water increases, water managers and planners will need to look widely for ways to improve water management and augment water supplies. This book concludes that artificial recharge can be one option in an integrated strategy to optimize total water resource management and that in some cases impaired-quality water can be used effectively as a source for artificial recharge of ground water aquifers. Source water quality characteristics, pretreatment and recharge technologies, transformations during transport through the soil and aquifer, public health issues, economic feasibility, and legal and institutional considerations are addressed. The book evaluates three main types of impaired quality water sources--treated municipal wastewater, stormwater runoff, and irrigation return flow--and describes which is the most consistent in terms of quality and quantity. Also included are descriptions of seven recharge projects.

DKK 474.00
1

Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing - Committee On Strategies For Responsible Sharing Of Clinical Trial Data - Bog - National

Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing - Committee On Strategies For Responsible Sharing Of Clinical Trial Data - Bog - National

Sharing data generated through the conduct of clinical trials offers the promise of placing evidence about the safety and efficacy of therapies and clinical interventions on a firmer basis and enhancing the benefits of clinical trials. Ultimately, such data sharing - if carried out appropriately - could lead to improved clinical care and greater public trust in clinical research and health care. Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing: Guiding Principles, Elements, and Activities is part of a study of how data from clinical trials might best be shared. This document is designed as a framework for discussion and public comment. This framework is being released to stimulate reactions and comments from stakeholders and the public. The framework summarizes the committee's initial thoughts on guiding principles that underpin responsible sharing of clinical trial data, defines key elements of clinical trial data and data sharing, and describes a selected set of clinical trial data sharing activities. Table of ContentsFront MatterDiscussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data SharingReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Committee BiographiesAppendix C: Figure 1: Data Flow from Participant to Analyzed Data and Reporting

DKK 266.00
1

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Although the progress of environmental restoration projects in the Florida Everglades remains slow overall, there have been improvements in the pace of restoration and in the relationship between the federal and state partners during the last two years. However, the importance of several challenges related to water quantity and quality have become clear, highlighting the difficulty in achieving restoration goals for all ecosystem components in all portions of the Everglades. Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades explores these challenges. The book stresses that rigorous scientific analyses of the tradeoffs between water quality and quantity and between the hydrologic requirements of Everglades features and species are needed to inform future prioritization and funding decisions. Table of ContentsFront MatterAbstractSummary1 Introduction2 The Restoration Plan in Context3 Implementation Progress4 Challenges in Restoring Water Timing, Flow, and Distribution5 Challenges in Restoring Water Quality6 Use of Science in Decision MakingReferencesAcronymsGlossaryAppendixesAppendix A: National Research Council Everglades ReportsAppendix B: Timeline of Significant Events in South Florida Ecosystem Management and RestorationAppendix C: Status of Key Non-CERP ProjectsAppendix D: Regulation Schedule for WCA-3AAppendix E: Water Science and Technology Board; Board on Environmental Studies and ToxicologyAppendix F: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 526.00
1

The Science of Science Communication II - Arthur M. Sackler - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Science of Science Communication II - Arthur M. Sackler - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Successful scientists must be effective communicators within their professions. Without those skills, they could not write papers and funding proposals, give talks and field questions, or teach classes and mentor students. However, communicating with audiences outside their profession - people who may not share scientists' interests, technical background, cultural assumptions, and modes of expression - presents different challenges and requires additional skills. Communication about science in political or social settings differs from discourse within a scientific discipline. Not only are scientists just one of many stakeholders vying for access to the public agenda, but the political debates surrounding science and its applications may sometimes confront scientists with unfamiliar and uncomfortable discussions involving religious values, partisan interests, and even the trustworthiness of science. The Science of Science Communication II is the summary of a Sackler Colloquium convened in September 2013 At this event, leading social, behavioral, and decision scientists, other scientists, and communication practitioners shared current research that can improve the communication of science to lay audiences. In the Sackler Colloquia tradition, the meeting also allowed social and natural scientists to identify new opportunities to collaborate and advance their own research, while improving public engagement with science. Speakers provided evidence-based guidance on how to listen to others so as to identify their information needs, ways of thinking about the world, and the cultural stereotypes regarding scientists. They delved deeply into the incentive systems that shape what scientists study and how they report their work, the subtle changes in framing that can influence how messages are interpreted, the complex channels that determine how messages flow, and the potential politicization of scientific evidence.

DKK 320.00
1

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Committee To Review The Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Bog - National Academies

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Committee To Review The Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Bog - National Academies

The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas is the primary source of water for one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, San Antonio, and it also supplies irrigation water to thousands of farmers and livestock operators. It is also the source water for several springs and rivers, including the two largest freshwater springs in Texas that form the San Marcos and Comal Rivers. The unique habitat afforded by these spring-fed rivers has led to the development of species that are found in no other locations on Earth. Due to the potential for variations in spring flow caused by both human and natural causes, these species are continuously at risk and have been recognized as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In an effort to manage the river systems and the aquifer that controls them, the Edwards Aquifer Authority (EAA) and stakeholders have developed a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP seeks to effectively manage the river-aquifer system to ensure the viability of the ESA-listed species in the face of drought, population growth, and other threats to the aquifer. This report is the third and final product of a three-phase study to provide advice to the EAA on various aspects of the HCP that will ultimately lead to improved management of the Edwards Aquifer. This final report focuses on the biological goals and objectives found in the HCP for each of the listed species. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Listed Species3 Will the Biological Objectives Meet the Biological Goals?4 Will the Minimization and Mitigation Measures Meet the Biological Objectives?5 Overarching IssuesAcronymsAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 370.00
1

Flight to the Future - Panel On Human Factors In Air Traffic Control Automation - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Flight to the Future - Panel On Human Factors In Air Traffic Control Automation - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses * The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. * Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. * Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. * The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.

DKK 448.00
1

Scientific Ocean Drilling - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Scientific Ocean Drilling - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Through direct exploration of the subseafloor, U.S.-supported scientific ocean drilling programs have significantly contributed to a broad range of scientific accomplishments in Earth science disciplines, shaping understanding of Earth systems and enabling new fields of inquiry. Scientific Ocean Drilling: Accomplishments and Challenges reviews the scientificaccomplishments of U.S.-supported scientific oceandrilling over the past four decades. The book evaluates how the programs (Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP], 1968-1983, Ocean Drilling Program [ODP], 1984-2003, and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program [IODP], 2003-2013) have shaped understanding of Earth systems and Earth history and assessed the role of scientific ocean drilling in enabling new fields of inquiry. This book also assesses the potential for transformative discoveries for the next proposed phase of scientific ocean drilling, which is scheduled to run from 2013 to 2023. The programs' technological innovations have played a strong role in these accomplishments. The science plan for the proposed 2013-2023 program presents a strong case for the continuation of scientific ocean drilling. Each of the plan's four themes identifies compelling challenges with potential for transformative science that could only be addressed through scientific ocean drilling, although some challenges appear to have greater potential than others. Prioritizing science plan challenges and integrating multiple objectives into single expeditions would help use resources more effectively, while encouraging technological innovations would continue to increase the potential for groundbreaking science. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction to U.S. Scientific Ocean Drilling2 Scientific Accomplishments: Solid Earth Cycles3 Scientific Accomplishments: Fluids, Flow, and Life in the Subseafloor4 Scientific Accomplishments: Earth's Climate History5 Education, Outreach, and Capacity Building6 Assessment of Illuminating Earth's Past, Present, and Future: The International Ocean Discovery Program Science Plan for 2013-2023ReferencesA DSDP, ODP, and IODP Legs and ExpeditionsB Committee and Staff BiographiesC Workshop White PapersD Acronyms

DKK 305.00
1

Seeing Students Learn Science - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Seeing Students Learn Science - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Science educators in the United States are adapting to a new vision of how students learn science. Children are natural explorers and their observations and intuitions about the world around them are the foundation for science learning. Unfortunately, the way science has been taught in the United States has not always taken advantage of those attributes. Some students who successfully complete their K–12 science classes have not really had the chance to "do" science for themselves in ways that harness their natural curiosity and understanding of the world around them. The introduction of the Next Generation Science Standards led many states, schools, and districts to change curricula, instruction, and professional development to align with the standards. Therefore existing assessments—whatever their purpose—cannot be used to measure the full range of activities and interactions happening in science classrooms that have adapted to these ideas because they were not designed to do so. Seeing Students Learn Science is meant to help educators improve their understanding of how students learn science and guide the adaptation of their instruction and approach to assessment. It includes examples of innovative assessment formats, ways to embed assessments in engaging classroom activities, and ideas for interpreting and using novel kinds of assessment information. It provides ideas and questions educators can use to reflect on what they can adapt right away and what they can work toward more gradually. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 What's Really Different?2 What Does This Kind of Assessment Look Like?3 What Can I Learn from My Students' Work?4 Building New Kinds of Assessments into the Flow of Your Instruction5 You and Your School, District, and StateReferencesResources for PractitionersBiographical Sketches of Consulting ExpertsAbout the AuthorsAcknowledgmentsIndexPhoto Credits

DKK 240.00
1

Strengthening Post-Hurricane Supply Chain Resilience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Strengthening Post-Hurricane Supply Chain Resilience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Resilient supply chains are crucial to maintaining the consistent delivery of goods and services to the American people. The modern economy has made supply chains more interconnected than ever, while also expanding both their range and fragility. In the third quarter of 2017, Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria revealed some significant vulnerabilities in the national and regional supply chains of Texas, Florida, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The broad impacts and quick succession of these three hurricanes also shed light on the effectiveness of the nation's disaster logistics efforts during response through recovery. Drawing on lessons learned during the 2017 hurricanes, this report explores future strategies to improve supply chain management in disaster situations. This report makes recommendations to strengthen the roles of continuity planning, partnerships between civic leaders with small businesses, and infrastructure investment to ensure that essential supply chains will remain operational in the next major disaster. Focusing on the supply chains food, fuel, water, pharmaceutical, and medical supplies, the recommendations of this report will assist the Federal Emergency Management Agency as well as state and local officials, private sector decision makers, civic leaders, and others who can help ensure that supply chains remain robust and resilient in the face of natural disasters. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Critical Concepts of Supply Chain Flow and Resilience3 Overview of Supply Chain Impacts from the 2017 Hurricanes4 Strategies to Foster More Effective Conveyance and Distribution of Critical Relief and Recovery Supplies5 The Federal Emergency Management Agency s Current Progress, Opportunities, and ChallengesReferencesAppendix A: Speakers from the Committee MeetingsAppendix B: Overview of the CNA AnalysesAppendix C: Resources and Tools to Support Information SharingAppendix D: Regulatory Assistance and Relevant Authorities for Disaster Relief by Federal AgenciesAppendix E: Committee Biographies

DKK 370.00
1

The Promises and Perils of Digital Strategies in Achieving Health Equity - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Promises and Perils of Digital Strategies in Achieving Health Equity - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Health care is in the midst of a dramatic transformation in the United States. Spurred by technological advances, economic imperatives, and governmental policies, information technologies are rapidly being applied to health care in an effort to improve access, enhance quality, and decrease costs. At the same time, the use of technologies by the consumers of health care is changing how people interact with the health care system and with health information. These changes in health care have the potential both to exacerbate and to diminish the stark disparities in health and well-being that exist among population groups in the United States. If the benefits of technology flow disproportionately to those who already enjoy better coverage, use, and outcomes than disadvantaged groups, heath disparities could increase. But if technologies can be developed and implemented in such a way to improve access and enhance quality for the members of all groups, the ongoing transformation of health care could reduce the gaps among groups while improving health care for all. To explore the potential for further insights into, and opportunities to address, disparities in underserved populations the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in October 2014. The workshop focused on (1) how communities are using digital health technologies to improve health outcomes for racial and ethnic minority populations, (2) how community engagement can improve access to high-quality health information for members of these groups, and (3) on models of successful technology-based strategies to reduce health disparities. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction of the Workshop2 Technology and Health Disparities3 Engaging Providers and Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients in Digital Strategies4 Examples of Engaging Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities in Digital Health Strategies5 Policy and Technology Perspectives6 Synthesis of Workshop MessagesReferencesAppendix A: Examples of eHealth Solutions Featured at the WorkshopAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 266.00
1

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Committee To Review The Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Bog - National Academies

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Committee To Review The Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - Bog - National Academies

The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas is the primary source of water for one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, San Antonio, and it also supplies irrigation water to thousands of farmers and livestock operators. It is also is the source water for several springs and rivers, including the two largest freshwater springs in Texas that form the San Marcos and Comal Rivers. The unique habitat afforded by these spring-fed rivers has led to the development of species that are found in no other locations on Earth. Due to the potential for variations in spring flow caused by both human and natural causes, these species are continuously at risk and have been recognized as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act(ESA). In an effort to manage the river systems and the aquifer that controls them, the Edwards Aquifer Authority and stakeholders have developed a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP seeks to effectively manage the river-aquifer system to ensure the viability of the ESA-listed species in the face of drought, population growth, and other threats to the aquifer. The National Research Council was asked to assist in this process by reviewing the activities around implementing the HCP. Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 2 reviews the progress in implementing the recommendations from the Committee's first report, seeking to clarify and provide additional support for implementation efforts where appropriate. The current report also reviews selected Applied Research projects and minimization and mitigation measures to help ensure their effectiveness in benefiting the listed species. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Hydrologic Modeling3 Ecological Modeling4 Biological and Water Quality Monitoring5 Applied Research Program6 Mitigation and Minimization MeasuresAcronymsAppendix A: Evaluation of the Predictive Ecological Model for the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: An Interim Report as Part of Phase 2Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 292.00
1

Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Macondo Well Deepwater Horizon Blowout - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The blowout of the Macondo well on April 20, 2010, led to enormous consequences for the individuals involved in the drilling operations, and for their families. Eleven workers on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig lost their lives and 16 others were seriously injured. There were also enormous consequences for the companies involved in the drilling operations, to the Gulf of Mexico environment, and to the economy of the region and beyond. The flow continued for nearly 3 months before the well could be completely killed, during which time, nearly 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the gulf. Macondo Well-Deepwater Horizon Blowout examines the causes of the blowout and provides a series of recommendations, for both the oil and gas industry and government regulators, intended to reduce the likelihood and impact of any future losses of well control during offshore drilling. According to this report, companies involved in offshore drilling should take a "system safety" approach to anticipating and managing possible dangers at every level of operation -- from ensuring the integrity of wells to designing blowout preventers that function under all foreseeable conditions-- in order to reduce the risk of another accident as catastrophic as the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. In addition, an enhanced regulatory approach should combine strong industry safety goals with mandatory oversight at critical points during drilling operations. Macondo Well-Deepwater Horizon Blowout discusses ultimate responsibility and accountability for well integrity and safety of offshore equipment, formal system safety education and training of personnel engaged in offshore drilling, and guidelines that should be established so that well designs incorporate protection against the various credible risks associated with the drilling and abandonment process. This book will be of interest to professionals in the oil and gas industry, government decision makers, environmental advocacy groups, and others who seek an understanding of the processes involved in order to ensure safety in undertakings of this nature.

DKK 286.00
1

Digital Data Improvement Priorities for Continuous Learning in Health and Health Care - Roundtable On Value And Science Driven Health Care - Bog -

Digital Data Improvement Priorities for Continuous Learning in Health and Health Care - Roundtable On Value And Science Driven Health Care - Bog -

Digital health data are the lifeblood of a continuous learning health system. A steady flow of reliable data is necessary to coordinate and monitor patient care, analyze and improve systems of care, conduct research to develop new products and approaches, assess the effectiveness of medical interventions, and advance population health. The totality of available health data is a crucial resource that should be considered an invaluable public asset in the pursuit of better care, improved health, and lower health care costs. The ability to collect, share, and use digital health data is rapidly evolving. Increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) is being driven by the implementation of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, which pays hospitals and individuals incentives if they can demonstrate that they use basic EHRs in 2011. Only a third had access to the basic features necessary to leverage this information for improvement, such as the ability to view laboratory results, maintain problem lists, or manage prescription ordering. In addition to increased data collection, more organizations are sharing digital health data. Data collected to meet federal reporting requirements or for administrative purposes are becoming more accessible. Efforts such as Health.Data.gov provide access to government datasets for the development of insights and software applications with the goal of improving health. Within the private sector, at least one pharmaceutical company is actively exploring release of some of its clinical trial data for research by others. Digital Data Improvement Priorities for Continuous Learning in Health and Health Care: Workshop Summary summarizes discussions at the March 2012 Institute of Medicine (2012) workshop to identify and characterize the current deficiencies in the reliability, availability, and usability of digital health data and consider strategies, priorities, and responsibilities to address such deficiencies. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Data Quality Challenges and Opportunities in a Learning Health System3 Digital Health Data Uses: Leveraging Data for Better Health4 Issues and Opportunities in the Emergence of Large Health-Related Datasets5 Innovations Emerging in the Clinical Data Utility6 Strategies Going ForwardAppendix A: Speaker BiographiesAppendix B: Workshop Agenda

DKK 240.00
1

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas is the primary source of water for one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, San Antonio, and it also supplies irrigation water to thousands of farmers and livestock operators. It is also is the source water for several springs and rivers, including the two largest freshwater springs in Texas that form the San Marcos and Comal Rivers. The unique habitat afforded by these spring-fed rivers has led to the development of species that are found in no other locations on Earth. Due to the potential for variations in spring flow caused by both human and natural causes, these species are continuously at risk and have been recognized as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In an effort to manage the river systems and the aquifer that controls them, the Edwards Aquifer Authority and stakeholders have developed a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP seeks to effectively manage the river-aquifer system to ensure the viability of the ESA-listed species in the face of drought, population growth, and other threats to the aquifer. The National Research Council was asked to assist in this process by reviewing the activities around implementing the HCP. Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 1 is the first stage of a three-stage study. This report reviews the scientific efforts that are being conducted to help build a better understanding of the river-aquifer system and its relationship to the ESA-listed species. These efforts, which include monitoring and modeling as well as research on key uncertainties in the system, are designed to build a better understanding of how best to manage and protect the system and the endangered species. Thus, the current report is focused specifically on a review of the hydrologic modeling, the ecological modeling, the water quality and biological monitoring, and the Applied Research Program. The fundamental question that Review of the Edwards Aquifer Habitat Conservation Plan: Report 1 addresses is whether the scientific initiatives appropriately address uncertainties and fill knowledge gaps in the river-aquifer system and the species of concern. It is hoped that the successful completion of these scientific initiatives will ultimately lead the Edwards Aquifer Authority to an improved understanding of how to manage the system and protect these species. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Hydrologic Modeling3 Ecological Modeling4 Monitoring5 Applied Research Program6 Overarching IssuesAcronyms

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