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Instruction Giving in Online Language Lessons A Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis

Instruction Giving in Online Language Lessons A Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis

This concise volume calls attention to the instruction-giving practices of language teachers in online environments in particular videoconferencing employing a Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis approach to explore the challenges affordances and pedagogical implications of teaching in these settings. The book examines the unique competences necessary for language teachers in multimodal synchronous online environments which require mediating a mix of modes including spoken language gaze gesture posture and textual elements. Satar and Wigham’s innovative approach draws on Sigrid Norris’s work on Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis to examine variance in practices combining in-depth micro-analytic analysis of mediation with a consideration of the modal density and complexity in the act of giving instructions. The volume shows how studying instruction giving can offer a better understanding of how online teachers mediate learning multimodally in electronic environments but also research-informed guidance for practical implementation in the classroom. This book is a valuable resource for scholars in applied linguistics language education and language learning and teaching as well as practicing online language teachers. Full-size versions of all Figures Extracts and Tables are available in colour at https://doi. org/10. 25405/data. ncl. 20315142 Chapter 6 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www. routledge. com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4. 0 license. | Instruction Giving in Online Language Lessons A Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis

GBP 44.99
1

Pakistan's Nuclear Policy A Minimum Credible Deterrence

Pakistan's Nuclear Policy A Minimum Credible Deterrence

In May 1998 in reaction to India’s nuclear weapons tests Pakistan tested six nuclear weapons. Following this the country opted for a policy of minimum deterrence and within a year Pakistan had altered its policy stance by adding the modifier of minimum ‘credible’ deterrence. This book looks at how this seemingly innocuous shift seriously impacted on Pakistan’s nuclear policy direction and whether the concept of minimum has lost its significance in the South Asian region’s changed/changing strategic environment. After providing a brief historical background exploring why and how Pakistan carried out the nuclear development program the book questions why Pakistan could not sustain the minimum deterrence that it had conceptualized in the immediate aftermath of the 1998 test. It examines the conceptual theoretical framework of the essentials of minimum deterrence in order to question whether Pakistan’s nuclear policy remained consistent with this as well as to discover the rudimentary factors that are responsible for the inconsistencies with regard to minimum deterrence conceived in this study. The book goes on to look at the policy options that Pakistan had after acquiring the nuclear capability and what the rationale was for selecting minimum deterrence. The book not only highlights Pakistan deterrent force building but also analyzes closely Pakistan’s doctrinal posture of first use option. Furthermore it examines the policy towards arms control and disarmament and discusses whether these individual policy orientations are consistent with the minimum deterrence. Conceptually providing a deeper understanding of Pakistan’s post-1998 nuclear policy this book critically examines whether the minimum deterrence conceived could be sustained both at the theoretical and operational levels. It will be a useful contribution in the field of Nuclear Policy Security Studies Asian Politics Proliferation/Non-Proliferation Studies and Peace Studies. This book will be of interest to policy makers scholars and students of nuclear policy nuclear proliferation and arms control related research. | Pakistan's Nuclear Policy A Minimum Credible Deterrence

GBP 46.99
1